The UK Tax Year

The UK tax year runs from 6 April to 5 April the following year. For example, the 2025/26 tax year runs from 6 April 2025 to 5 April 2026. This applies to income tax, capital gains tax, and National Insurance contributions for individuals and sole traders.

Companies operate on their own accounting periods for corporation tax purposes, which do not have to align with the tax year.

Self-Assessment Key Dates

These deadlines apply to individuals, sole traders, and partners who file a self-assessment tax return.

DateDeadline
5 AprilEnd of the tax year
6 AprilStart of the new tax year
31 MayEmployers issue P60s to employees
6 JulyEmployers submit P11D forms (benefits in kind)
31 JulySecond payment on account due for the previous tax year
5 OctoberDeadline to register for self-assessment if newly self-employed or have untaxed income
31 OctoberDeadline for paper self-assessment tax returns
30 DecemberDeadline for online filing if you want HMRC to collect tax owed (under £3,000) through your tax code
31 JanuaryOnline self-assessment filing deadline; balancing payment due; first payment on account due for the current tax year
28 FebruaryAdditional 5% surcharge if tax remains unpaid from 31 January deadline

Payments on Account

If your self-assessment tax bill exceeds £1,000 and less than 80% of your tax is collected at source, HMRC requires two payments on account:

  • First payment — 31 January (during the tax year)
  • Second payment — 31 July (after the tax year ends)

Each payment is 50% of the previous year’s tax bill. A balancing payment is due on 31 January following the end of the tax year.

Corporation Tax Dates

Companies pay corporation tax based on their own accounting period. For detailed payment schedules, see the guide on corporation tax payment dates .

DeadlineWhat is due
9 months and 1 day after the end of the accounting periodCorporation tax payment due (for most companies)
12 months after the end of the accounting periodCompany tax return (CT600) filing deadline
Quarterly instalments (for large and very large companies)14th of months 7, 10, 13, and 16 of the accounting period

Large Company Instalment Dates

Companies with taxable profits over £1.5 million (divided by the number of associated companies) must pay corporation tax in four quarterly instalments rather than as a single payment.

PAYE and National Insurance Dates

Employers running a payroll must meet these deadlines:

DateDeadline
On or before each pay dateSubmit Full Payment Submission (FPS) to HMRC via RTI
19th of each month (or 22nd if paying electronically)Monthly PAYE, NI, and student loan payments due to HMRC
19 April (or 22 April electronic)Final PAYE payment for the tax year
31 MayIssue P60s to all employees
6 JulySubmit P11D and P11D(b) forms for benefits in kind
19 July (or 22 July electronic)Pay Class 1A NI on benefits in kind

VAT Dates

VAT return and payment deadlines depend on your accounting period, which is typically quarterly but can be monthly or annual.

Filing frequencyReturn and payment due
Quarterly1 month and 7 days after the end of each VAT quarter
Monthly1 month and 7 days after the end of each month
Annual accounting scheme9 monthly instalments starting at the end of month 4, with a balancing payment 2 months after the year-end

If you pay by direct debit, HMRC collects payment three working days after the due date, giving you slightly more time.

Capital Gains Tax Dates

DateDeadline
60 days after completionCGT on UK residential property disposals must be reported and paid
31 January following the end of the tax yearCGT on all other disposals reported and paid via self-assessment

The 60-day reporting requirement for residential property was introduced in April 2020 and applies even if the disposal will be reported on a self-assessment return.

Other Important Dates

DateDeadline
1 FebruaryAdvisory fuel rates updated by HMRC (also 1 June and 1 September)
5 AprilEnd of ISA subscription year; use or lose your annual ISA allowance
6 AprilNew tax rates and allowances take effect
19 AprilFinal date for P45/P46 submissions from the previous tax year
1 OctoberAnnual adjustment for statutory sick pay, maternity pay, and other statutory payments (if applicable)
31 DecemberEU DAC7 digital platform reporting deadline

Calendar Summary for Sole Traders

For a sole trader whose tax year aligns with the standard 6 April to 5 April period:

MonthKey action
AprilNew tax year begins; finalise records for the year just ended
MayReceive P60 if also employed
JulySecond payment on account due (31 July)
OctoberRegister for self-assessment if first year (by 5 October); paper return deadline (31 October)
JanuaryOnline return deadline; balancing payment and first payment on account due (31 January)

Tips for Managing Deadlines

  • Use accounting software that tracks filing deadlines and sends automated reminders
  • Set up direct debits for regular payments like PAYE and VAT
  • Keep a separate bank account for tax funds so money is available when deadlines arrive
  • File returns early — the deadline is the latest date, not the target date
  • If you cannot pay on time, contact HMRC to arrange a Time to Pay agreement before the deadline passes